,2--THE PROGRESS Friday, Nov. 15, 1963
Archbishop's Communique:
Observer Sees 'Another/vti, acle' Before Unity.
(Continued from Page I)
can church in Rome, so-called,
were hosts at a reception for
the observers and the Ameri-
can bishops last Friday eve-
ning in the Grand Hotel and it
proved to be a very interest-
mg occasion. A number of the
observers spoke and answered
questions put to them by the
bishops. Dr. Douglas Hereon,
former president of the Har-
vard Theological School, was
the master of ceremonies in an
informal way and Dr. Albert
Outler, professor of theology of
Southern Methodist University
delivered the main address,
speaking in the name of the
observers present.
Something Wonderful
Happening
Dr. Outler declared t h a t
something wonderful was hap-
pening in the Catholic Church
and that he and his associates
were glad to be witnesses to
it.
The Church has closed a
chapter of history that was en-
titled "The Counter-Reforma-
tion" and it was quite signifi-
cant that the stimulus for ec-
clesiastical reform was coming
from the Church that at one
time was thought to be un-
reformed a n d irreformable,
Doctor Outler continued. He
said that the Ecumenical Coun-
cil involuntarily is putting very
uncomfortable pressure on the
Protestant Churches to risk
similar experiments in self-ex-
amination and reform.
Most of the English-speaking
observers, about half of the
entire contingent, were pres-
ent and they all declared that
they were being given excep-
tional opportunities to see and
hear what was going on, that
they w e r e particularly im-
pressed by our willingness to
be observed by the inquiring
eyes of friendly but not at all,
Jewish
Leader Is
Pleased
PARIS (NC)--A state-
ment on anti-Semitism
that is now before the
ecumenical council Fathers
has been welcomed here by
Dr. Nahum Goldmann, presi-
dent of the World Jewish Con-
gress.
"The Jewish people are
moved and gratified by the
prospects that the ecumenical
council may adopt a declara-
tion calling upon the Roman
Catholic Church to eliminate
't h o s • religious teachings
which give rise to disdain,
hatred or perseqution of the
Jews,' " he said.
"Such a declaration would
be an historic event not only
of fundamental significance
for the whole Christian
world, but it would also be a
measure of vital importance
toward the removal of age-
old misunderstandings, wrong
thinking and hostility which
have saddened people and
faiths, one against the other,
and have caused the Jewish
people 2,000 years of untold
sufferings, persecution and
appalling tragedy.
"The hearts of all Jewry will
be uplifted and refreshed by
this new hope of an era of
understanding and tolerance so
profoundly n e e d e d for the
peace and welfare of all."
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uncritical observers and that
the w h o 1 1 y unprecedented
change of climate in the Chris-
tian world was a source of
comfort and encouragement to
all of them.
I feel that it would be, ben.
eficial to all of our devoted
readers as well as to our
separated brethren who have
the opportunity to peruse
these columns if I report at
some length the remarks of
Doctor Outler:
"But deeper than these ex-
ternal signs of real Christian
fellowship, significant as they
truly are, are the inner mo-
tions of the Holy Spirit within
our hearts and yours, where
He has begun to break down
the old, encrusted barriers of
ignorance, prejudice and en-
mity that have so long divided
us and has awakened a new
disposition in us all of mu-
tual recognition, of genuine
interest and dialogue, fellow-
ship and affection. The first
great miracle of the ecumeni-
cal reality has been wrought
in our midst and who will deny
that this is God's doing and
marvelous in our eyes. It is
the miracle of our mutual rec-
ognition of each other as
Christians."
•.. Most Important
The good Doctor described
all this as only the first fruits.
He said that, and this is most
important, "F u 1 1 Christian
communion would not be worth
having at the price of compro-
mise on your part or abjur-
ation on ours. It is painfully
clear that yet another miracle
will be required before full
unity as one people, one house-
l
Pope Paul Greets Vatican Council Guests
OBSERVER DELEGATES and guests to the second sea- varsities of Basle and Paris, is pictured shaking hands with
sion of Vatican Council II are greeted by Pope Paul VL A the Holy Father.
Protestant theologian, Professor Oscar Cullman of the Uni-
hold of the faith can be at-
tained. Our task as observers such is within the grasp of all.
is that of discovering and up- It was, indeed, a most in-
praising the richness of the teresting and spiritually prof-
treasures of the deposit of itable evening and I feel that
faith which you have conserved the cause of ecumenism was
in the course of the tragic can- considerably advanced. May
turies of our separation. It is
as we discover your real cath-
olicity and as you manifest
it that we shall be moved for-
ward toward eventual union."
All present reacted to his ad-
dress with thunderous ap-
plause. The meeting as such
was followed by a reception
during which we all had the
opportunity of meeting many
of the observers from the
States as well as from Eng-
land and Canada. A11 agree
that an organic union, so-
called, a uniformity of belief
and practice is a long way off
but that a spiritual unity as
its progress continue in our
midst in the Great North-
west!
As forecast in these dis-
patches last week, the recent
discussions on the reformation
of the Roman curia, its inter-
nationalization and down,grad-
ing as an adjunct of papal rule
caused the sparks to fly on
several occasions• I'm sure
that the daily press has given
you a blow-by-blow account
of the proceedings.
Asks Complete Revision
It all started more or less
on Friday when Joseph Car-
dinal Frings, the Archbishop
of Cologne, took the floor and
flayed the Congregation of the
Holy Office, declaring its pro-
cedures unjust, unfair and
completely out of harmony
with modern times. He called
for a complete revision of its
status and its rights and priv-
ileges, saying that it was
grossly unfair for the Holy
Office to accuse, condemn and
judge any individual without
having the oportunity of de-
fending himself at a hearing.
He declared further that the
number of bishops in the curia
should be reduced and many of
the posts taken over by lay-
men. He minced no words in
his denunciation.
Challenged . . .
He was immediately chal-
lenged by Alfredo Cardinal
Ottaviani, secretary of the Holy
Office. To use the parlance of
the prize ring, the Cardinal
had been taking it on the chin
so often during the past few
weeks that he had reached the
limit of his patience. He picked
himself up off the canvas: he
lashed out at all his critics,
swinging freely right and left.
In a voice shaking with emo-
tion and pent-up anger, he de-
clared that criticisms of the
Holy Office were criticisms of
the Pope himself, that the
German Cardinal's words were
spoken out of ignorance, if not
worse and that the Holy Office
never accuses, judges or con-
demns anyone without thorough
investigation, carried on with
the help of competent consul-
tors and experienced special-
ists.
It was the hottest exchange
yet but of course, such things
are to be expected for this
council is not a sodality meet-
ing. It is engaged in the ser-
ious task of updating the
Church and this cannot be done
without treading on some toes.
But the two old gladiators,
loyal Churchmen as both are,
€ really went at it with drawn
swords (it appears that I de-
parted from the parlance of the
prize ring there) and it was
an interesting interchange of
views. Both are almost totally
blind and each spoke his piece
in pure Ciceronian Latin with.
out the benefit of any manu-
script.
At the conclusion of the
session, both were seen leav-
ing together and talking and
we wondered whether either
knew to whom he was talking.
The Congregation of the Holy
Office is the oldest and most
powerful of all the Roman
congregations, of which there
are 12 in all, making up the
Roman curia, the administra-
tive arm of the Holy Father.
It was formed in 1542 to com-
bat heresy and it is both an
administrative body and a tri-
bunal. In addition to guarding
against heresy, it is the
Church's official watchdog, al-
ways with a weather eye out
for false teaching and it con-
trols the index of forbidden
books. In criminal causes it
has jurisdiction especially over
offenses against the faith and
the unity of the church, such
as apostasy, heresy, schism,
profanation of the Eucharist,
etc. Matters falling within its
competence are handled under
the seal of the greatest secrecy.
Only Want Modernization
No one wants the congre-
gation abolished but due to the
criticism that has been lev-
elled at it for years, it is felt
that its methods should be
modernized, t h a t those who
are to be judged by it be given
the chance to defend them-
selves, etc.
I am sure that you have all
Debates Curia, Bishops' Role In Sixth Week
VATICAN CITY (NC) Ecumenical council de-
bate reached a high point during the sixth week of its
second session as two outstanding churchmen clashed
sharply over the role of the Roman curia.
Throughout the week the curia the congrega-
tions and offices at the Vatican which assist the Pope in govern-
ing the Church--had come in for severe criticism.
At the general council meeting of November $ the debate came
to a dramatic climax when Joseph Cardinal Frings of Cologne,
Germany, vigorously objected to the practices of the curia's top
body, the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office. De-
fending it was its secretary, Alfredo Cardinal Ottaviani.
The exchange between the two cardinals brought out into
the open the battle between an old and a new order which,
whatever its outcome, will alter the face of the Church in'the
|uture.
Cardinal Frings said:
"The distinction between the administrative and juridical pro-
cedures in the Roman curia should be extended to all areas,
including the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office.
Its procedures are out of harmony with modern times, are a
source of harm to the faithful and of scandal to those outside
the Church. No Roman congregation should have authority to
accuse, judge and condemn an individual who has had no oppor-
tunity to defend himself. With all due reverence and gratitude
for the devoted individuals who spend their lives in the difficult
work of the Holy Office, we feel that its methods should be
basically revised."
Cardinal Ottaviani replied:
"The opportunity must be taken to protest most vigorously
against the condemnation of the Holy Office voiced in this council
hall. It should not be forgotten that the prefect of the Holy Office
is none other than the Supreme Pontiff Himself. The criticism
formulated proceeds from a lack of knowledge, not "to use a
stronger term, of the procedures of this sacred congregation.
"No one is ever accused, judged and condemned without
• thorough previous investigation carried on with the help of
competent consulters and experienced specialists. Besides, all
decisions of the Holy Office are approved by the Pope person-
ally, and thus such criticisms are a reflection on the Vicar
of Christ."
The debate over the curia grew out of the draft proposal--
or schema--on bishops and the government of dioceses which
was introduced November 5 at the council's 60th general meet-
ing. A major issue raised was whether or not the powers now
exercised exclusively by the curia should be returned to the
bishops of dioceses.
In connection wth this there was much talk of organizing
an international body of bishops to help the Pope govern the
Church and of giving jurisdictional powers to national confer-
ences of bishops.
Discussion therefore involved the idea of the collegiality of
bishops. This idea--which maintains that the bishops of the world
as a body, led by the Pope, have supreme power over the Uni-
versal Church--was a major topic in the debate on the previous
schema on the nature of the Church. An advisory ballot on Octo-
ber 30, in which the Fathers voted overwhelmingly in favor of
the principle of collegiality, was a council turning point.
Those favoring the idea in the debate on the schema on
bishops and diocesan government argued that it does not affect
the primacy of the Pope. Fathers opposing it warned that it does.
The first Speaker on the new schema, Achille Cardinal Lienart
of Lille, France, said that its text should include a special chapter
on the relationship between the Pope and the College of Bishops.
The next day, November 6, Bishop Joseph H. Hedges of
Wheeling, W. Va., also called for a chapter on the relationship
between the bishops and the Pope as head of the College of
Bishops.
At the same meeting, Ernesto Cardinal Ruffini of Palermo,
Italy, stated that objections that the schema does not mention
the matter of collegiality assume that the question is settled. This
is not so, he declared. A similar point was made by Michael Car-
dinal Browne, O.P., of the curia.
Cardinal Ruffini also supported the stand taken the day before
by James Francis Cardinal McIntyre of Los Angeles, saying that
"the discussion of the proposed national conferences of bishops
can lead to dangerous waters if these conferences are given real
authority to carry out their decisions." He added that "since
the Pope could hardly turn down the recommendations of national
conferences, this would in fact and for all practical purposes
mean the disappearance of his primatial jurisdiction."
Franziskus Cardinal Koenig of Vienna noted that "the long
An Ecumenical Gift
SOME TIME ago 14-year.old Stephen Bagley wrote to the
Holy Father asking for an autographed picture, explaining
that he wanted to give it to Sister Elizabeth, R.S,M., of
St. Joseph's Infirmary, Atlanta, "Because she is so good to
• me," Stephen, a Baptist, has been a hospital patient.
experience of the National Catholic Welfare Conference in the
United States and the Conference of German Bishops shows that
very fruitful results can be obtained even when the conference
has only moral and not juridical authority over its individual
members."
During the day Augustin Cardinal Ben, S.J., President of
the Secretariat fo r Promoting Christian Unity, urged that "bish-
ops from the outside should be brought to Rome to work with
the Pope in the way determined by himself." Ukranian Rite
Archbishop Maxim Hermaniuk, C.SS.R., of Winnipeg, Man.,
repeated the recommendation, saying "the organization of an
apostolic college to aid the Pope would be very effective."
Melkite Rite Patriarch Maximos IV Saigh of Antioch closed
the day's ,discussion with a call for radical reform of the curia.
i He said:
"To assist the Pope; the schema Offers only the curia in its
present structure. It adds a timid suggestion that some bishops
of the world be given a share in the government of the Church.
This does not answer the needs of today nor does it reflect of
collegial responsibilities of the bishops of the Church. Just as
the Pope uses priests in the government of his diocese of Rome,
so also should he use the bishops in the government of the entire
Church...
"To assist the Holy Father there should be something along
the lines of what the Oriental churches have had for centuries,
namely a 'permanent synod' with members succeeding each other
by term. This body would be supreme, even over the curia,
with the last word always resting with the sovereign pontiff
because of his supreme primatial jurisdiction."
The following day, November 7, Armenian Rite Patriarch
Ignace Pierre XVI Batanian of Cilicia came to the curia's de-
fense. He stated:
"From the First Vatican Council we know that the Pope
has the fullness of jurisdiction, that his power comes directly
from God and is not subject to limitation by any human author-
ity. Consequently, he has the right to organize the curia as he
wishes. Since a tree is judged by its fruits and the general state
of the Church today is good, we must conclude that the Roman
curia, which has had such a great role in the expansion of the
Church, has done its duty satisfactorily.
"Every institution has its weaknesses and we should try to
correct them wisely and prudently. This does not mean publish-
ing them and bringing them to the attention of everyone with
the risk of scandalizing or shocking certain souls. It is not
right to forget all the services rendered by the curia and to
concentrate only on its weaknesses."
At the same meeting Joseph Cardinal Rifler of St. Louis
called for the restoration of powers which "are basically of
divine origin" to the bishops. Among those supporting him was
Bishop Piotr Kalwa of Lublin speaking in the name of the Polish
Bishops. Earlier Archbishop Maurice Baudoux of St. Boniface,
Man:, had stressed the idea that increasing the powers of bishops
is not something to be "granted" but rather to be "returned."
Cardinal Ritter also asked that the schema's chapter entitled
"The Relationship of Bishops with the Roman Curia" be changed
because "this organ [the curia] does not exist except as a dele-
gate of the Pope and does not have any autonomous existence."
In his November 8 speech, Cardinal Ottaviani criticized the
idea of collegiality. He said:
"Those who propose the collegiality of the bishops proceed
in a vicious circle since they presume that the Apostles existed
and acted as a collegial body. From the collegial character of
the Apostolic College they deduce the collegial character of the
body of bishops. But even learned and experienced professors of
Sacred Scripture will admit that this thesis has no solid founda-
tions in the sacred books. Defending collegiality entails some
limitation of at least the exercise of the universal primacy of
the Roman pontiff."
During the day's debate opposing views on bringing bishops
to Rome to aid in governing the Church were expressed by two
cardinals.
Laurean Cardinal Rugambwa of Bukoba, Tanganyika, de-
clared:
"The establishment of a permanent body of bishops in Rome
is called for by the social structure of modern times and por-
tieularly by a genuinely 'redemptional' vision of the entire
world. It is not only the right but also the duty of the council
to make this possible."
Cardinal Browne answered that "against the proposal to bring
bishops to Rome to assist the Holy Father no objection can be
raised on theological grounds. But the congregations constitute
the curia and the curia belongs to the Pope. Its cardinals, major
officials, consulters and so on, are appointed not by the Holy
See but by the Pope personally.
"If collegiality confers on all bishops a right to €ogovern-
ment with the Pope, then he in turn has an obligation to recog-
nize the right. This would inevitably lessen the power of the
Pope who would no longer have full jurisdiction."
Giacomo Cardinal Lercaro of Bologna, Italy, remarked that
"this proposal [on bishops' sharing in Church government]
supposes that the matter will be decided by the authority of
the Roman Pontiff, since the council can do no more than offer
a suggestion or make a recommendation."
Population Rises
60 Per Cent
In F00ve Years
TA!PEI, Formosa (NC)--For-
mesa s Catholics have increased
by more than 100,000 or 69 per
cent during the last five years,
according to figures released by
the Bishops here.
Catholics numbered 244,876
June 30, 1963. Five years pre-
viously, June 30, 1958, they
totaled 144,731.
There were 18,496 adult and
9,557 infant Baptisms during the
past 12 months.
The increase during this
period, from the 219,214 figure
of June, 1962, is greater than
the total Catholic population
of Formosa 10 years ago. In
June, 1953, there were 25,175
Catholics here.
Catechumens enrolled to take
religious instruction number
51,388, according to the Bishops.
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been informed of the debate
that has been going on re-
garding the formation of re-
gional or national conference
of bishops with some type of
juridical status.
There seems to be some
fusion in the minds of re'an
the pro,'Jonents of this new cat-
egory of self-determination, if
you will. Others are calling for
the establishment of a senate
of bishops in Rome to assist
the Pope in governing the
Church. The motivating ele-
ment in all this seems to be
attempt to get the bishops
from under the thumb of the
Roman curia or even in some
instances of the Holy See it-
self, to give them more inde-
pendence.
... Doesn't Seem Feasible
I just don't see it myself for
if all these suggestions were
acted upon, the ordinary
residential bishop or archb
op would be responsible
only to the Holy See and the
Curia, but to the National Con-
ference as well. Moreover, if
coadjutor bishops are also
given some type of jurisd,=
tion, ex officio and apart frl
the bishop of a diocese,
latter would be further ham-
strung in his actions and
activities.
I ventilated a "Give Me
Liberty or Give Me Death"
fervorino at a recent meet-
ing of the American bishops
on this point and found my-
self in the camp of the mos
backed reactionaries. He
rors! ! l
It is said that this "National
or Regional Conference" idea
is a tool in the hands of all
dioceses of the enactments,
decrees and ordinances of the
Ecumenical Council relating to
Liturgical Reform. T h e out-
come will be interesting fo
this schema will have to
worked over like the scheID r
on the Nature of the Church,
on which over 1600 amend-
ments were advanced. Neither
will come up again for dis-
cussion or final action at this
session of the council, it is
believed.
• •. On Anti.Semitism
The same may be said for
the document recently subrJdbk
ted to the Council Fathers
inspection, regarding anti-sem-
itism. The brochure will form
a new chapter in the schema
on Christian Unity. It declares
that the responsibility for
Christ's death falls upon sinful
mankind for it was to atone for
the sins of all mankind that
Christ offered Himself on the
Cross.
The deaths of the followi
bishops were reported dur-
ing the week and I commend
them to your generous
prayers: Archbishop Edward
Tonna of Italy, Bishop Jean
Reesinck of Holland and
Bishop Antoine Fargo of Sy-
ria. The Grim Reaper takes
his toll.
Please keep us, too, in
prayers that through the
of the Holy Spirit, we may
continue to keep to the course
plotted by Good Pope John
XXIII and our present Holy
Father Pope Paul VI. God be
with you all.
FBI Finds Polish
Museum Loot
CHICAGO (NC)--The
Bureau of Investigation said
here it has found $1 million
worth of art treasures stolen
September 22 from the museum
of the Polish Roman Catholic
Union.
The FBI said October 18 the
loot was found in the trunk of
a car parked on Chicago's
northwest side. M. W. Johns
chief FBI agent here, said
thieves, still unknown, appar-
ently failed to sell the stolen
goods.
The announcement did not
say how the FBI traced down
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