John Eckhart
Exegetics for Everyone
A certain sign of what
new concepts and
concerns are of increas-
ing importance among the mem-
bers of the Mystical Body is'.
the corresponding increase in
appropriate literature. R i g h t
now, as indicated two weeks
ago, the dam has broken on
books about birth control, "the
Pill," and marriage in general.
Another area showing a bur-
geoning gro'th in publication is
the all imrtant study of the
Bible. We Catholics call this
exegetics.
There have always been com-
mentaries on the Bible, there
always will be, but the sudden
(past year) increase augers
well for a concomitant increase
in lay appreciation and under-
standing.
"THEOLOGY OF THE NEW
TESTAMENT," by Joseph
Bonsirven, S.J., translated by
S. F. L. "rye, Newman Press,
413 pp., $9.75.
O ONE pretends that either
exegeties or theology
makes for snappy, interesting
reading. The reader must pos-
sess motivation, must want
seriously to increase his' under-
standing, and therefore his love,
of the word of God.
This particular book, I would
think, will have a relatively
specialized reader appeal, that
is, to the scripture scholar, the
librarian, and the student, of
any denomination. This recom-
mendation is correctly made by
the publisher.
The author, in what must
have been a monumental la-
bor, extracts the pertinent
theology of the New Testa-
ment as relating to such as-
el pects as "The Son of Man,"
"The Kingdom of God," "The
Kingdom of the Son, The
Church," and "The Way," of
both Kingdoms.
He goes on with a brief but
incisive description of the early
Christian" community, leading
By JOHN J. ECKHART
into a detailed section (part
three) on the theology of St.
Paul.
Of special interest in this book
is Father Bonsirven's capable
combination of Biblical study
and its relationship to pastoral
practice. When writing of the
morality of the Gospels, he
elaborates:
"The faithful who lay them-
selves open to tile action of
grace will experience a two-
fold instinct in the depths of
their hearts--the sense of the
line they are to follow and an
inner impulse which will help
from above will facilitate
their progress."
It is almost as if the author
were his own best witness to
the fact that a detailed, spe-
cialized study of the Gospels
• must result in a depth of love
that cannot help but create
practical spiritual comment on
the abstract theology.
"THE FOURTH GOSPEL," by
Rev. Louis Bouyer, translated
by Ray. Patrick Byrne, S.M.,
Newman Press,. 223 pp., $4.50.
T. JOHN, the theologian, the
poet. the man wrapped in
divine fire. His Gospel can
never be read without the re-
newed assurance that the Gos-
pels. Synoptics included, could
only have been written with
Divine inspiration.
It is St. John that takes us
into the realms of light and life,
transcending contemporary Jew-
ish useage. We all know this,
and we must realize from time
to time, just how spiritual, how
abstract is the Good News of
St. John, how much more dif-
ficult to grasp in his essentials.
Father Bouyer more clearly
defines St. John's clear view
of history, of salvation his-
tory. St. John saw Christ as
the continuing, then-and.now
fulfillment of God's interven-
tion in worldly history.
This is a detailed study, writ-
ten with style, wrilten with
economy, written I am sure,
that everyone may read with
understanding 'and profit.
"THE GOSPEL ACCORDING
TO ST. MARK," by Alexan-
der Jones, Sheed and Ward,
225 pp., $4.50.
HE value of this book is
immediately obvious, pres-
cinding from the certain care-
ful scholarship. The format, the
arrangement, is most excellent,
both for plan of study and for
immediate reference.
A short introduction presents
St. Mark, his writing character-
istics and his environment. This
is followed by explanation in
depth. The format is such that
the left page is the actual Gos-
pel text, and facing is an almost
word for word commentary and
explanation. The detail, of in-
tense historical, anthropoligi-
cal, sociological, and theologi-
cal is a glance away from the
related text.
It is of the nature that ex-
plains what was meant by
"evening," the "penny," and
"Greek," as well as the more
abstract speculation concern-
ing "Kingdom of God," "Son
of Man,'" and "Sin."
There could be few better
reference works as a compan-
ion to New Testament studies.
It would be my hope that the
publisher will soon match it
up with companions to the rest
of the Synopties and St. John.
"THE FORMATION OF THE
BIBLE," by Rev. Georges
Auzou, B. Herder Book Co.,
386 pp., $6.00.
HERE is always need for
the approach taken by the
excellent exegete, Fa the r
Georges Auzou.
Without too broad a gener-
ality, we can safely admit that
many books dealing with exe-
getics, or Bible study, are
either of such a sophisticated
scholarly approach that their
worth is diminished for anyone
less than a specialist, or on the
other hand are couched in such
broad unspecifics that they can
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only be classed/as an introduc-
tion.
This history of the Sacred
Writings of the People of God
has struck an admirable bal-
ance between these two posi-
tions. The very good reason
for this is Father Auzou's tal-
ent as a writer juxtaposed on
his well known reputation as
a specialist scholar.
Both the Old and New Testa-
ments are brought into histori-
cal focus, which proves an im-
measurable aid to insight.' We
can better view the Bible as a
stream of totality, correlate' the
variety of literary influences,
when we have the assistance of
this book:
While more and more fine ef-
forts are being presented to
the public, this book, along
with "The World of God," by
the same author, would seem
to strike the right high note of
interest, presentation, scholar-
ship, and a degree of special-
ized profundity.
He transcribes for each of
us the beauty of the song of
the,Covenant, still playing in
the hearts of man.
You Are Needed
If everyone concluded "I
don't count" imagine what con-
sequences would result! You
are important .... No one will
ever be in exactly the same cir-
cumstances or be offered" the
same opportunities as you.
WorryAbo tth Chu h
DoYou u e rc
By MOST REVEREND FULTON J. SHEEN 'Should I Marry
ARE you worried about the condition share with each other." As the Old Testament
of the Church, our Church, in oth- says of manna: "He .that gathered much ,had €
..... Y_ . nothing over--andhethatgatheredlittlenaano Be_ause I'm Pregnant?'
er parts or me worlD. Are you wonder- lack"
ing why the poverty of the bishops at the Council " * By JOHN J. RANE, Ph.D.
has been a recurring theme in this column? We Professor of Soclaloqy, Unlverdb/ Notre Dame
hope you are. We know that you would be war- , Another bishop wro!e to tel! me: "I mus! I am 18 years old, graduated from high school last spring,
ried, and no longer wonder, if you could be here seave [ne t.ouncu. I just reeewea news mat and now pregnant. The father o[ the c/,ild is 19, a Lutheran. We
in Rome with us. Then you would see that you
cannot judge the Church in the world by the
Church in the United States.
We in the U.S. are living in a Palm Sunday
of prosperity for which we thank God. But in
the Mystical Body throughout the world Christ
is living in different Gospel scenes. Christ is in
China today as if His Body were once more in
the Tomb on Holy Saturday. In Japan He is
weeping again over a city where few wipe away
His tears. Behind the Iron Curtain He is being
buffeted between Pilates and Herods who daily
condemn Him to death. He is being chased from
the Sudan and the Congo as He was once driven
from the land of the Gerasenes. In the slums of
Latin America He cries unrecognized in the
poor: "The foxes have holes, the birds of the
air have nests, but the Son of Man has nowhere
to lay His Head."
It is this persecuted Christ that we see in
over half of the bishops at the Council. They
are here as the representatives of Christ living
in the Mystical Body throughout the world.
You read about the Council in the press, but
I tell you that there is an agonizing, suffering,
impoverished Church in session here. You read
only about ideas, but most of the bishops here
live either on the verge of poverty or in danger
of persecution.
We who live in comparative peace and com-
fort are a part of this persecuted Christ. What is
little for us to give in the name of Christ may
sustain the life of Christ in another. Take, for
example, the words of one bishop who wrote me
in Rome to thank me for 210 one dollar Mass
stipends: "Such aid means a lot for our poor
diocese. This aid is enough for the living and
transportation expenses of two missionaries for
a whole year." How this makes us think of the
words of St. Paul: "Of course, I do not mean
that others should be relieved to an extent that
leaves you in distress. It is a matter of share
and share alike. At present your plenty should
supply their need, then at some future time their
plenty may supply your need. In that way we
two villages in my diocese were surrounded
by a group of unidentified men. Eight were
killed, 30. wounded, 400 houses burned and
almost 3,000 of my good people are without
food and shelter. Abyss cries out to abyss.
Can you help me?"
In the name of Christ crucified, may I ask
you to help our brother bishops and priests and
religious and faithful throughout the world?
Will you heed this Christ appeal? Who will? The
rich? The comfortable? The benefactors of "mil-
lion dollar" schools and churches? The poor in
spirit? Remember, the Holy Father's Society for
the Propagation of the Faith is the only mission
organization in the world that aids the Missions
everywhere, Christ everywhere. Thank you and
God love you.
• GOD LOVE YOU to M. O. M. /or $L45
"1 have been accustomed to spending this
amount on myself each weekiust /or chaco.
lates t. How ashamed el myselt I felt when I read
about the poor n;issionary bishops. This is the
beginning of a weekly offering [or those who
can put it to much better use than l." . . . to
M. ]. B. for $1,000 "For the Holy Father's
missions. 1 was so busy that there didn't seem to
be time [or a vacation. Now it gives me more
pleasure to send bhn the money than to take a
vacation trip. I am 68 years old and am still
working."
Would you like to get more mileage out of
your money by giving to the missions? By taking
out an annuity with The Society for the Propaga-
tion of the Faith you will receive annual returns
on your investment and save on capital-gains tax
while you save souls. Send your appreciable
securities to The Society for the Propagation
of the Faith and you will receive a greater re-
turn spiritually and materially. Direct your re-
quest for our pamphlet on annuities, including
the date of your birth, to Most Reverend Fulton
J. Sheen, 366 5th Ave., New York, N.Y. 10001.
Cut out this column, pin your sacrifice to
and mail to M o st Reverend Fulton ]. Sheen,
National Director of the Society [or the Propa.
$ation of the Faith, 366.5th Ave., New York,
1N.y. 10001, or your Archdiocesan Director, Rev.
Stephen $feman, 907 Terry Ave., Seattle 98104,
Orthodox Light Years Away
(The /ollowing article on
the Orthodox Church o/
Greecethe largest the
Greek Orthodox Churches
represented at this Novem-
ber's Pan-Orthodox con/er-
ence on the island o/Rhodes
was written by a native
o/ Athens who is a ]esuit
and a prominent historian.)
t • s
By Rev. Paul Buhagiar, S.J.
• ATHENS (NC) While
close to Catholic teaching
in the field of doctrine,
the Orthodox Church of
Greece in ts sacramental
life and many other customs
is tight-years away from Catho-
lic practice--Latin Rite practice
at least.
Among its customs are these:
• All the secular clergy must
be married before ordination to
the diaconate, and must have
at least one child before they
can be ordained priests.
• No man is ordained to the
priesthood unless there is al-
ready a vacancy in a parish
• church or chapel to which he
can be assigned.
• While lay theologians are
authorized to preach, there are
many pastors who because their
education is inadequate are
never permitted either to preach
or hear confessions.
• Bishops are chosen from
the ranks of the monks, as
bishops must be unmarried.
• Monks are not bound to
live in monasteries, and many
reside at home with their par-
ents or other relatives.
• The Eucharistic fast is so
rigorous that lay people are re-
....................................... quired to abstain from eating
meat, fish, eggs and milk, and
PRAYER TO ST. JUDE
To be said in gre, affliction,
or when one seems to be de.
prived of all visible kelp, or
[or cases despaired o.
"Mint holy apostle St. Jude,
faithful lervant end friend of
Jesus, the name of tha traitor
who delivered thy beloved Mas-
ter into the hands of Hi= ene.
mie= ha= cauoud thee to be for-
gotten by many, but the Church
honor= and invoke= thee unl-
ver=ally, the patron of hope-
le=a cases, of things de=paired
of. Pray for me who em ao mis-
erable; make uae I implore thee,
of that particular privilege ec-
corded of thee, to bring visible
and speedy help where help ;*
most deapaired of. Come to my
assistance in this great need
thet I may receive the consolu-
tionJ and succor of heaven in
all my necemiti, tribulation*
a n d fferings, particularly
(Here make your. request) und
that I may Blem God with thee
end all the eiect forever. I
rOmie= thee, 0 Blemmd St.
de, to be ever mindful of this
great favor, and I will never
cease to honor thee as my
from sexual relations, for a
whole week before receiving
Holy Communion.
In general, customs surround-
ing the celebration of the sac-
raments vary a great deal.from
those in use in the Latin Rite
Catholic Church.
The sacrament of Baptism is
given by immersion: The body
of the baby is thrust into the
water three times. And as in
Eastern Catholic rites, the
form of administration is pas-
sive: "(Name) is baptized in
the name of the Father, of the
Son and of the Holy Spirit."
Immediately after Baptism,
within the same ceremony,
the sacrament of Confirma-
tion is given the baby by the
same priest. The two sacra-
ments are never dissociated.
For the sacrament of Pen-
ance, the Greek Church pre-
serves some of the austerity it
had in the first centuries of
Christianity. There are no con-
fessionals. Moreover, absolution
is not given at the end of the
confession, but only after the
performance of the penance.
For the reception of Holy
• Communion, the fast re-
quired of the laity becomes
more stringent as the times ap-
• proaches: In addition to the
weeklong fast from meat, fish,
eggs and milk, the people must
also abstain from olive oil--
the staple of the Greek diet--
for the three days immediately
preceding Communion. And a
total fast from all liquids and
solids is required beginning at
.midnight of the day of Com-
munion.
Because p r i e s t s usually'
celebrate the Divine Liturgy
(Mass) every Sunday, they
are not subject to the same
fasting regulations. If they
did, they would presumably
have to fast perpetually.
But if it is difficult to re-
ceive Penance and Holy Com.
' reunion, it is extremely easy to
receive the sacrament of the
Anointing. Whereas in the West
t h i s sacrament traditionally
has been reserved for those
in danger of death, in Greece
it is given for the remission of
sins--on Wednesday of Holy
Week everybody in church re-
ceives Unction-- and for ill-
ness, • not necessarily serious.
Actually, the sacrament is
seldom given when there is a
danger of death, as there is a
widespread belief among the
people that it would hasten
death.
While ordination t o t h e
priesthood is a simpler rite
than in the Catholic Church
in'the West, the marriage rite
is longer and more complieat-
ed. In eases it judges serious,
the Orthodox Church grants
divorce and permits remar-
riage. But nobody is allowed
to marry more than L three
times, even if thrice a widow
or widower.
The Church of Greece has
two major penitential seasons,
eorreslnding to Lent and Ad-
vent, when fast and abstinence
are required. The pre-Pasehal
fast, beginning on the Monday
before the first Sunday of Lent,
is the same as the strict Euch-
aristic fast. Thus it bars meat,
fish, eggs, milk and olive oil.
Sexual continence is also re-
SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 7
6:S0-7:00 o.m., The Hour of ths Cru¢l-
fled, KTLN, Olympia, 920 On the dial
and KTIT, Centrolle-Chehalls, 420 on
ths diM. 1
SUNDAY, NOVEMBER g
6:30-7:00 o.m., Thl Hour of lhs Crpci-
ned, KVI, Soutne, Sl0 on dlol.
7:30 n.m., Ths Cothollc HoUr, KIN•
radio, 1090 on dial
7:45 a.m., Hour ot St. Fr=ncls, KXA,
Seattle, "Happiness For Manusla."
8:00 a,m, The Hour at the Crucified,
KaKW, Aberdeafl, 14.;0 on dial.
:30 p.m. Challougs, KOMO-TV, Chan-
nel 4.
Panelists Rev. William Treaty, Rabbi
'Raphael Levine and Dr. Lynn Corson
special end powerful p a t r o n
have timely topic, "Healing Election
and to do ullin my power to Penances vary--themost cam- Wounds."
encourage devotion to the man being the abstention from 7:ts p.m., ,sa¢ll¢l Henri Program,
Amen." KTVW.TV, ChannM 1.;.
Holy Communion for a period Series on Decent Literature continues.
(To encou•age dvoti to of time, but including almsgiv- :30 p.m., KOMO radio, ,,sounle Unl.
81. lude, d i s t r i b = t • thb ing, the recitation of special vsru." NIGHTLY
p • u y • • or acknowledge in
writing favors •eceived, etc.) prayers, and the reception of
the sacrament of the Anointing
National Shr|ne of St. Jude --and can be imposed for pe-
Clari Fatkml riods lasting months or even
221 W.st Madimn Street years. When the penance is ful-
Chl¢lo 6, IIh filled, the penitent returns to
::-...-.- the priest for absolution.
11:30-12:00 p.m. Ths Rosary, KTVW-TV,
Channel 13.
Sign-off broadcast, a decade of the
Rosary In beautiful picture and sound.
EVERY SATURDAY AND SUNDAY
9:30-10:00 p.m. The Resory, KTVW-TV,
Channel 13.
Sign-off broadcast, a decade of the
Rosary In beautiful picture and sound.
'quired. But olive oil is permit-
ted on Sundays, and fish also
is allowed for Palm Sundy.
The pre-Christmas fast, begin-
ning November 15, is the same,
except that eating fish is per-
mitted. There are similar fasts
prior to the feasts of SS. Peter
and Paul (one week) and the
Dormition (Assumption) of the
Blessed Virgin (two weeks).
As to the question of the ob-
servance of these customs, it
can be said that the country
people--about 50 per cent of the
more than 8.1 million members
of the Church of Greece (which
takes in well over 90 per cent
of the total population)--abide
by the fasting regulations strict-
ly. In the towns and cities the
religious observance is more
lax. But as a whole, it must be
said that the Greek Orthodox
people still cling firmly to their
religion. .
Calendar
SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 'INENTY-
FIFTH SUNDAY AFTER PENTECOST,
MASS: Diclt DomlnusThe Lord said
(Int., G?ad., Off., and Comm. Ants
from 23rd Sun.--Pr., Ep., Gasp., See.,
and Pestcom from 5th Sun. after
Epiphany) (Green). GI., Cr., Fref of
Trinity; Mass for Par sh D V. OFF.
of Sun.Camp. of Sun.
MONDAY, NOVEMBER 9, DEDI-
CATION OF ARCHBASlLICA OF OUR
SAVIOR MASS: Terrbllls-Terrlble IS thls
place (Whlfe). GI., 2nd Pr. of St.
Theodore, Cr., Com. Pref. DIV OFF.
(a)-Lauds: c at St. Theodore. Vespers:
no C. Comp. of Sun.
TUESDAY, ST. ANDREW AVELLINO,
Confessor MASS: Os lustlThe mouth
of the |usf (Whlte).'GI., 2nd Pr. of
Holy Martyrs, Tryphon, etc. DIV. OFF,
(C)--Lauds: c. of Holy Martyrs. Camp.
of Tues.
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 11, ST.
MARTIN, Bishop, Confessor MASS:
Statuit--The Lord declared (Whlte).
GI., 2nd Pr. el St. Menna. DIV OFF.
(S)--Lauds: c. of St. Menna. Camp. of
Wed.
THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 12, ST.
MARTIN I, Pope. Morfvr MASS: sl
dlllgts mL.-If lhou Iovest Me (Red).
GI, DIV. OFF (C)Comp. of Thurs.
FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 15, St. Fran-
cis Xavier Cobrtnb Virgin MASS:
TenuIsfl--Thou holdest (Whlfe). GI.,
2nd Pr. of Sf. Didacus. DIV. OFF. (C)
--Lauds: c. of Sf, Dldacus. Comp. of
Frl. Abstinence.
SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 14, ST,
JOSAFHAT, Bishop, Martyr MASS:
Gaudeomus--Let us all relolce (Red).
GI. OIV. OFF. (C)--Vespers (Green)
of 26th Sun. after Pent. (Fr. of 6th
Sun. after Epiphany). Camp. of Sot.
love each other and would marry but this boy's father will not permit
him to sign "the child's lite away to become a Catholic'*. He wants
to. run away and get married but 1 doubt 1 could do this and keep
my religion. 1 have made a mess at my life but what can ! do? 1
could give the baby up, but is there "some way I can keep the baby
and marry the jather, too?
THE problem of premarital pregnancy seems to grow
each year. So far as official figures go the rate was
more than three times as high in 1960 as it was in
1940. But these figures are little more than fair estimates. The
true number of children born out of wedlock is simply unknown.
Sometimes it is middle aged parents• Sometimes it is a
desperate teen-age girl speaking alone. Contrary to popular no-
tions premarital pregnancies are much more frequent among
women 25 to 29 than among teen-agers but perhaps something
less of an economic problem in these cases. They still remain a
serious moral, psychological and sociological problem.
Each ease must be considered individually. There is no
single, simple rule of thumb to be applied such as make the
man marry the girl, or for the girl to have the baby clan-
destinely.
Since you believe you really love each other, marriage should
certainly be considered• He wants to mar, you. or. at least, you
say he says he does. His father is opposed. But it is the son's
child, not his father's. How far can this tyrannical father push
his son?
Psychologically, this boy seems rather weak. He is the father
of the Child. He claims he is willing to marry you. But he lacks
the c)urage to stand up to his father. He even suggests running
away and marrying you.
You have not said this boy is opposed to signing the prom-
ises required before a mixed religious marriage. If he isn't, I
think he should take his courage in hand, so tell his father and
arrange for the wedding. If he does not do this, you had better
think twice about him as a potential husband.
If his father can dictate his life now at the age of 19 in the
critical circumstances in which you both find yourself, what will
he do under more normal circumstances? You already have an
in-law problem and you're not married yet. Expectations of big-
ger and worse in-law problem.s loom brightly on the horizon.
NY thought of marriage outside the Church is impossible.
Aside from the very serious moral aspects, it will tear you
to pieces psychologically.
It is not to be considered. Please don't consider it or give
this boy a hint you will. Weak as he is with his father, he will
try to persuade you. He may succeed if you show any sign of
giving in.
You feel you have made a mess of your life. Don't udge
yourself too harshly. This is not to condone premarital sex rela-
tions but one mistake need not ruin your life. What concerns me
more than your pregnancy is the type of boy you are considering
for a husband.
If he can stiffen his backbone, let him try to point out to his
father his willingness to sign the premarital promises. It is his
business, not his father's.
It is possible to understand his father's attitude toward having
a grandchild reared a Catholic. But a little more thought might
have been given to this matter when he first started dating a
Catholic girl.
This boy should discuss the whole affair with his father, his
mother, too. Try to convince him he has no objection to the pre-
marital promises and I think he may be successful.
But you, too, should seek some help. From the way your
letter reads, you are trying to shoulder this whole problem
alone. It is not surprising you are desperate. Why not censult
one of your parish priests? Perhaps he can talk to this boy's
father, or perhaps even better, to the minister of the boy's
father.
Furthermore, you are going to need psychological support,
and probably some economic help in any case'. Ask one of your
parish priests to recommend you to Catholic Social Service. Work-
ers there have faced this problem frequently and probably even
the slant your difficulty has taken.
O long as you keep this to yourself, discuss it with no one
except your boy friend, I fear the psychological consequences.
You do not mention your own family in the letter, but they, too,
must'be told. Again, I can only repeat what I just said--go to a
priest and a Catholic Social worker for guidance and emotional
support.
Finally, it would be unfair to overlook the fact that this
beY'I father may be able to prevent the marriage, unless, of
course, it becomes a eeurt case. This, I preune, you and he,
and both of your families wish to avoid.
Suppose you do face the problem of leaving town quietly,
having your baby and putting it out for adoption? This can be a
severe emotional problem and I do not mean to underestimate it.
That is why you already need professional help.
Since this .possibility cannot be entirely discounted, try to
face it with as much equanimity as you can at this moment.
Perhaps you can be beiped to do so if you think of the conse-
quences of marrying outside the Church, or I regret to say, of
marrying this boy at all.
Even if the father's Opposition to the premarital promises
is removed, please try to be very, very certala you are really
in love with this boy and that you are really ready to marry
him. Just make absolutely certain that the opposition you are
encountering is exclusively that of the boy's father.
If you can satisfactorily resolve these questions which I have
purposefully raised, and overcome the objections to a Catholie
wedding, then marriage seems indicated. If not, then make ar-
rangements to have the child in another city and allow the baby
to be adopted. The right decision in this case really involves
three lives.
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